Introduction.
The tragedy of President J. F. Kennedy’s assassination was an event that, alongside the political difficulties and tensions of the 1950s and 1960s, held great significance and global impact. This provided an opportunity, in some way, to develop various theories and conclusions regarding the almost mysterious event of President Kennedy’s death. Each theory is justified and considered valid, with its own distinct and specific perspective, some of which will be presented in this capstone thesis.
In reviewing the historical context of the 1950s and 1960s, we find political tension between the United States and the Soviet Union, which escalated into what became known as the Cuban Missile Crisis. This crisis was partly triggered by the Soviet military base in Cuba and the installation of nuclear missiles on the island. This placed the United States in a highly complicated situation, as its greatest enemy was no longer on another continent but just 103 miles from U.S. territory.
In April 1961, the Bay of Pigs invasion took place, a clandestine attempt by the United States to invade Cuba using Cuban exiles, aiming to destabilize the Cuban government and address the greatest challenge the U.S. faced at the height of the Cold War, as previously mentioned. However, this attempt to invade or overthrow the Cuban government failed due to the efforts of Cuban and Soviet military intelligence, which detected the invasion in time.
Within this context, it is logical to consider the theory supported by those who implicate the USSR and Cuba in Kennedy’s assassination—not only as a demonstration of the military power of the USSR and Cuba at the time but also as a reference to Oswald, the alleged sniper who killed Kennedy, being somehow involved or associated with the USSR and Cuba due to his time living in the Soviet Union and his ideological leanings.
This thesis was written due to the relevance of the topic and the historical event itself, which, as previously mentioned, had historical significance both in the United States and in other countries. It raises many questions when considering that the security and protection of the U.S. president failed, and he was assassinated during a time of significant global political tension.
The impact of this historical event sparked curiosity and interest in uncovering what caused the event or the motives behind President Kennedy’s assassination. This impact remains relevant today, with many seeking transparency in the investigation of the case. It is believed that insights might be found in the CIA documents declassified by President Trump, which cover a vast amount of content related to the topic.
This impact is reflected in culture through the numerous books written about the event from then until now, and I believe books will continue to be written, as it is a topic of historical interest that allows each writer to present their narrative of the event and propose their own theories or reinforce existing ones. The impact is not limited to theoretical narratives but is also evident in cinema, such as JFK (1991) and JFK Revisited: Through the Looking Glass (2021), directed by Oliver Stone; Executive Action (1973), directed by David Miller; Parkland (2013), directed by Peter Landesman; Killing Kennedy (2013), directed by Nelson McCormick; and JFK: The Smoking Gun (2013), directed by Malcolm McDonald, to name a few films and documentaries. In the artistic realm, this significance is also evident in works like The Assassination of President Kennedy (1992–1996) by Gage Mace, Kennedy’s Assassination (1964) by Alberto Greco, JFK in Contemplation (1968–1985) by Bernadine Stetzel, or Jackie Onassis Kennedy by Andy Warhol, though the latter does not depict President Kennedy, it marks the moment when this influence emerged.
This project was also partly inspired by the figure of President Kennedy himself and his achievements.
The topics I will develop are two theories that, in my view, are the closest to being plausible for this work, which I have titled: Was the CIA Involved? and Was It a Plan by the USSR or Cuba? These titles suggest that an event of such magnitude requires a well-organized plan, where precision, resources, and intelligence are of utmost importance to ensure its success.
Was the CIA Involved? This title or question seeks to understand whether the CIA was behind President Kennedy’s assassination, due to the lack of detailed information in the Warren Report, its inconsistencies, and the possibility that CIA agents were in contact with Oswald or, knowing about the assassination plot, did nothing to prevent it. At the same time, I aim to conclude that these theories are not definitive.
Was It a Plan by the USSR or Cuba? In this second chapter, I first explore the possibility of a plan by the Soviet Union in collaboration with Cuba, or a Cuban plan in retaliation for the failed Bay of Pigs invasion. I also consider Oswald a potential Soviet agent, given the time he spent in the Soviet Union and his ideological leanings. At the end of the chapter, I explain why this theory is not conclusive.
In this present thesis, I want to highlight the two most important conspiracy theories where, in some way, a whole context is presented to know what was behind the assassination of President Kennedy, this being an event that in some way impacted and continues to impact the world, because, how can one of the most important presidents of that moment be assassinated in the face of the so-called Cold War? Did this mean that security was not sufficient to prevent such an event? Or was the security system involved in the planning of this tragic event? Or was it simply an act of heroism on the part of the assassin in the face of his political ideology?
But the theories surrounding this event arise in the face of the lack of evidence in the investigation process, but which of these theories is more accurate and which is less real?
Chapter 1
Was the CIA involved?
Part I: background of the C.I.A.
It can be seen in the history of the CIA, how this intelligence body has been formed and established along with the history of the United States and its participation in the Second World War. On July 11, 1941, «President Franklin D. Roosevelt created the office of the coordinator of information (COI)»[1] with the purpose of gathering all the information in one place since «the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the U.S. Armed Services were collecting intelligence with no direction or coordination»[2]. On 13 June 1942,
The office of strategic services (OSS) often referred to as CIA’s forerunner was established. The (OSS) existed for just over three years. At the end of the World War II, on October 1 of 1945 President Harry S. Truman abolished (OSS) along with many other agencies. On President Truman’s order, branches of (OSS) merged into a new office, the Strategic service Unit (SSU). Early in the new year, in January of 1946, Administration officials decided to move SSU’s duties and responsibilities to the newly created Central Intelligence Group (CIG). President Truman soon recognized the need for a new, fully-functional post-war intelligence organization. So, in September 18 of 1947 he signed the National security act, establishing the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)[3].
The CIA is the intelligence body of the government of the United States; on its official website they say that it is, «the CIA is a U.S. government agency that provides objective intelligence on foreign countries and global issues to the president, the National Security Council, and other policymakers to help them make national security decisions»[4]. One of its functions is to provide security to said country, as they affirm, and the way to carry out said purpose is the gathering of information: «the CIA gathers information»[5]. They define their mission as «our mission is straightforward but critical: leverage the power of information to keep our Nation safe»[6]. In their modus operandi, it is to obtain the greatest amount of information as precisely as possible.
Therefore, there is no doubt that such an agency could be aware of a possible magnicide by the internal or external enemies of the Government of the United States, to which, if we take what defines them and their mission, we can clearly understand that such a security agency could have been involved in that tragic event, and in case it was not involved, it could at least have been informed about the assassination of the 35th president of the United States, John F. Kennedy
Twenty-second of November «at 12:30 pm., c.s.t., as the president’s open limousine proceeded at approximately 11 miles per hour along Elm Street toward the Triple Underpass, shots fired from a rifle mortally wounded President Kennedy and seriously injured Governor Connally»[7] in Texas, being the most tragic event of the decade of the sixties, a decade full of tension where the world on the edge of a nuclear conflict called and denominated «The Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962 was a direct and dangerous confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War and was the moment when the two superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict»[8].
1.1 Why is the theory of that involving the CIA in the assassination of John F. Kennedy plausible.
The tensions both internal and external of that time in which President Kennedy exercised his presidential mandate, were of such magnitude that the fact of his assassination gave place to consider various interpretations of said fact when, we consider who was the intellectual responsible for the death of this president. The so-called The Warren commission was charged by President Jonson who succeeded Kennedy when he was assassinated. Said commission concludes that Oswald acted alone the conclusion of said commission says, «on the basis of the evidence before the Commission it concludes that Oswald acted alone»[9].
This commission lent itself to the creation and interpretation that the CIA was hiding something due to the lack of evidence it presented, which led to interpretations that the CIA, being the intelligence agency that investigated the case, wanted to conceal information, and this is one of the reasons it is believed that the agency is involved in the event. However, it is also believed that this intelligence body was involved due to the lack of protection regarding the security of the president, since if we conduct a detailed analysis, we can see that in the limousine in which the president was traveling, two security guards were missing who could have served as human shields against any shot that might have come from the rear of the car.
If we detail the motorcade and the route with the location from where the shot that fatally wounded President Kennedy came, we can see a certain incompetence in terms of security planning and somehow consider that there was an orchestrated plan where the sniper took into account the lack of security around the president, or that he was in complicity with those who provided security to the political leader.
The target for making a precise shot was more accessible before the moment the attack was carried out, as the sniper’s position, located in the Texas School Book Depository building, offered a clear view toward the target. There were no significant obstacles obstructing the direct line of sight to the presidential motorcade, which was passing right in front of the building at the time of the assassination. However, the shots were executed from a position that struck the president in the back, which may have complicated the accuracy of the attack. This difficulty was due, in part, to the presence of trees and other elements in front of the school that reduced visibility and could interfere with the bullets’ trajectory, making the execution of the shots require exceptional skill on the part of the shooter.
This theory gains strength when considering the remarkable precision with which the shots were carried out, despite the aforementioned difficulties regarding visibility and obstacles present in the environment. The ability to execute such an accurate attack under adverse conditions suggests a level of planning and skill that goes beyond the ordinary. Likewise, this hypothesis is reinforced by the absence of conclusive evidence linking Lee Harvey Oswald, or any other individual, to an external group that might have been behind the assassination. The lack of evidence regarding the involvement of a foreign organization leads to speculation that, if Oswald was not associated with an external enemy of Kennedy, the assassination could have been orchestrated by an internal enemy. This hypothetical adversary would have managed to easily bypass the strict security measures surrounding the president, thus allowing the successful execution of one of the most shocking assassinations in modern history.
1.2 Why this theory is not plausible.
Despite the political tensions and possible conflicts of interest between the CIA and President Kennedy, I do not consider these differences to constitute a sufficient or plausible reason to assert that the CIA was involved in the planning or execution of Kennedy’s assassination. However, the Warren Report, tasked with investigating this crime, categorically denies the CIA’s involvement in the assassination, based on the lack of concrete evidence. Although the relationship between Kennedy and the CIA may have been tense due to discrepancies in U.S. foreign policy, it is not reasonable to conclude that the agency, responsible for intelligence and national security, resolved these differences through the assassination of the president.
The differences between John F. Kennedy and the CIA date back, in part, to events such as the failed Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961, which generated mutual distrust. However, the Warren Report found no evidence that these tensions led to a plot against the president. The investigation thoroughly examined the CIA’s records and internal communications, concluding that there was no indication of subversive activity by the agency against Kennedy. This lack of documentary evidence reinforces the official stance that political disagreements did not translate into a criminal act.
Although the Warren Report rules out CIA involvement, its lack of transparency in some aspects has fueled conspiracy theories. The withholding of certain classified documents and the perception that the investigation did not exhaustively address all leads have led sectors of the population to question its conclusions. Nevertheless, the report was based on testimonies, records, and forensic analyses available at the time, and it found no credible connection between the CIA and Lee Harvey Oswald in the assassination. This absence of concrete evidence remains the cornerstone of the official narrative, although it has not completely dispelled public doubts.
The Warren Report’s refusal to link the CIA to Kennedy’s assassination has significant implications for governmental institutions. While the report sought to close the case by attributing the crime solely to Oswald, the persistence of conspiracy theories reflects distrust in government agencies, including the CIA. However, from the report’s perspective, the idea that an agency tasked with protecting national interests would resort to assassination is untenable without solid evidence. This underscores the importance of basing accusations on verifiable facts rather than speculation.
Rumors and speculations that Oswald was in some way associated with or used by agencies of the
U.S. Government grew out of his Russian period and his investigation by the FBI after his return to the United States. Insinuations were made that Oswald had been a CIA agent or had some relationship with the CIA and that this explained the supposed ease with which he received passports and visas. Speculation that he had some working relationship with the FBI was based on an entry in Oswald’s notebook giving the name and telephone number of an agent from the FBI office in Dallas. The Directors of the CIA and the FBI have testified before the Commission that Oswald was never in the employ of their agencies in any capacity. The Commission has concluded on the basis of its own investigations of the files of Federal agencies that Oswald was not and had never been an agent of any agency of the U.S. Government (aside from his service in the Marines) and was not and had never been used by any U.S. Government agency for any purpose. The FBI was interested in him as a former defector and it maintained a file on him.
Speculation.–Oswald was an informant of either the FBI or the CIA. He was recruited by an agency of the U.S. Government and sent to Russia in 1959.
Commission finding.–Mrs. Marguerite Oswald frequently expressed the opinion that her son was such an agent, but she stated before the Commission that “I cannot prove Lee is an agent.” 93 The Directors of the CIA and of the FBI testified before the Commission that Oswald was never employed by either agency or used by either agency in any capacity. Investigation by the Commission has revealed no evidence that Oswald was ever employed by either the FBI or CIA in any capacity[10].
Chapter 2
Was it a plan of the RSSR or of Cuba?
Part I: Communism.
In the 1960s, the main adversary of the United States was the Soviet Union, especially after the installation of Soviet missiles in Cuba during the Missile Crisis of 1962. This event triggered an alert about the threat of nuclear war, with the enemy located just a few miles from
U.S. territory. This intense political tension led to considering the possibility that the assassination of President John F. Kennedy was orchestrated by the Soviet Union. This hypothesis is based not only on the contentious relationship between the two countries but also on the life of Lee Harvey Oswald, who resided in Minsk, in what was then part of the Soviet Union and is now Belarus. His past in a Soviet state fueled suspicions about a possible foreign conspiracy due to these links between Oswald and the political crisis between the United States and the Soviet Union.
1.1 Why the theory that the assassination was orchestrated by the Soviet Union has been considered plausible.
«Lee Harvey Oswald was openly committed to Marxist ideology, he defected to the Soviet Union in 1959, and resided there until June of 1962»[11]; this period of stay in Minsk is seen by some as the time of military training to become an agent of the Soviet Union and then return to the United States to carry out the attack, taking into consideration that Oswald had served in the military from 1956 until 1959, which is the time when Oswald renounced his American citizenship to fully embrace his Marxist ideological inclination, materialized in the Soviet Union. This approach and action of renouncing his citizenship says a lot, considering the conflictual Cold War relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union; that is, Oswald is considered a Soviet agent to carry out this criminal act.
In 1959, this event occurs, where Oswald begins a life in Minsk, today the capital of Belarus, «until June of 1959, eventually returning to the United States with a Russian wife»[12].
The commission has investigated the circumstances under which Oswald Obtained a visa to enter the Soviet Union for possible evidence that he received preferential treatment in being permitted to enter the country[13].
Did the Soviet government show preference in granting Oswald a residence visa for having been part of the Marine Corps? This is one of the big questions for many, as it is reasonable to think that the Soviet government would not take the risk of granting a residence visa to a former U.S. military member like Oswald, as it is evident that he could be a U.S. agent, which was risky for the Soviet Union; taking primarily into account, as mentioned earlier, the Cold War conflict, where these countries, both the United States and the USSR, heightened political difficulties, creating a crisis that brought them to the brink of nuclear war. «Oswald’s residence in the soviet union for more than 2.5 years aroused speculation after his arrest that he was an agent of the soviet union or in some way affiliated with it»[14].
These speculations were essential when considering the gravity of the assassination, as there is no doubt that the USSR government could have used Oswald as a Soviet agent in the United States, given Oswald’s strong interest in the Marxist ideal, to the extent that he learned Russian during his military service in the United States, which could somehow reflect that this person was willing to do whatever it took to demonstrate and fully embrace this ideological inclination, so the assassination of J.F. Kennedy would seem the most opportune way to fully demonstrate his ideology.
But Oswald’s journey does not end with embracing a communist lifestyle in a Soviet state; rather, upon his return to the United States, he maintained a certain connection with Marxist ideology, «upon his return from the Soviet Union, Oswald had dealings with the Communist Party, U.S.A., the Socialist Workers Party, and the Fair Play for Cuba Committee, and he also had minor contacts with at least two other organizations with political interests.»[15]; specifically, it is mentioned in the so-called Warren Commission, his association with a group of Russians in Texas, «shortly after his return from Russia in June 1962, Oswald and his family settled in Fort Worth, Texas, where thy met a group of Russian-born or Russian-speaking»[16], and this time he sought means to connect with Cuban communism through the embassy of that country in Mexico.
The Russian-speaking community of Dallas consists of representatives of all 15 Republics of the former Soviet Union. Our countrymen arrive in the United States for various reasons and the most crucial ones are a desire for self-fulfillment and achieving prosperity for their families. The Russian-speaking community of Dallas is made up of educated and motivated people who take an active life position[17].
Cuba at that time maintained a very close relationship with the USSR; even the Cold War was partly due to the nuclear military base that the Soviet Union established in Cuba, giving rise to the so-called Missile Crisis. This crisis unleashed tension not only between the United States and the USSR but also involved Cuba, as it was a base country for Soviet missiles. This closeness of Cuba to the USSR is an opportunity for Oswald since he is not so far from the ideals of the Soviet Union. «Marina Oswald testified that sometime in August (1963) her husband first told her of his plan to go to Mexico and from there to Cuba, where he planned to stay»[18], but what was Oswald’s eagerness to go to Cuba given the difficult political situation between the
U.S. and Cuba? As I mentioned earlier, Oswald, upon his return to the United States, joined some parties with a communist ideology in the United States, but apparently, this was not enough for him, and it seems he sought, despite the political difficulties, a way to contact those who could somehow grant him a fuller and perhaps more effective participation to carry out his political ideal.
Oswald «on September 17, he obtained from the Mexican consulate general in New Orleans a “Tourist Card,” FM-8 No. 24085, good for one journey into Mexico for no longer than 15 days»[19]. On September 25, 1963, he left New Orleans early in the afternoon toward Mexico, he «crossed the border (on September 26) from Laredo to Nuevo Laredo, Mexico between 1: 30 and 2 p.m»[20].
It is relevant, this trip that Oswald made, because in the Warren Commission it is highlighted that during the trip he conversed with some of the passengers who accompanied him, where he told them that «he was the secretary of the New Orleans branch of the Fair Play for Cuba Committee and that he hope to see Fidel Castro in Cuba»[21] This reveals the purpose of Oswald’s trip, to make contact with one of the great influencers of the communist ideal, but for what? We do not know, as he could not travel to Cuba.
There are many points where it can be linked or speculated that the USSR or Cuba were involved in the assassination of J.F. Kennedy, given Oswald’s closeness and the same ideological inclination they share, as well as the time Oswald spent living in the Soviet Union. Another point to consider in this theory, which contemplates the participation of Soviet and Cuban communism in the assassination, is the possible affiliation or participation of Marina’s father, Oswald’s wife, in some espionage agency or security agency of the USSR, which could somehow be related to Oswald, considering the idea that Oswald might have been a Soviet spy tasked with the death of President Kennedy, and it could explain that this was also the reason for his return to the United States. It must be taken into account the political tension between the Soviet Union and the United States, and the best solution, before unleashing a nuclear war with consequences of massive population loss and an environmental catastrophe, seems reasonable to eliminate one person on whom the political responsibility falls, instead of an entire population. But it is unreasonable to carry out such an action due to the consequences that this would have entailed.
1.2 Why this theory is neither conclusive nor plausible.
The first thing to consider is that Oswald’s ideological inclination is not a reason for the Soviet Union to hire him to carry out said assassination. Just as Oswald could have been, there were others with the same ideological inclination. Furthermore, it must be taken into account that helping or organizing an event of this magnitude would be quite complicated before and after the fact due to the consequences given the political tension of the moment, and the most logical thing would be to reach a negotiation before a provoked war.
The Warren Commission provides us with a summary of several points where it places speculation and what was found in the investigation.
Speculation.–Oswald learned Russian during his service in the Marines as part of his military training.
Commission finding.–Oswald never received any training from the Marine Corps in the Russian language. His studies of Russian were entirely on his own time and at his own initiative.[22]
During his time in the U.S. Marine Corps, there was a rumor that Lee Harvey Oswald acquired Russian language skills through formal military instruction. However, investigations revealed that he pursued Russian studies independently, outside of any official training provided by the Marine Corps. His efforts to learn the language were self-directed, based on personal resources and initiative. This distinction highlights that his linguistic abilities were not part of his military duties nor were they part of military training. Instead, this interest arose from personal interests perhaps motivated by the Marxist ideal expressed or reflected in the Soviet Union, towards which Oswald had a particular interest and inclination for this ideology. His command of Russian was completely self-taught.
Speculation.–It is probable that Oswald had prior contacts with Soviet agents before he entered Russia in 1959 because his application for a visa was processed and approved immediately on receipt.
Commission finding.–There is no evidence that Oswald was in touch with Soviet agents before his visit to Russia. The time that it took for him to receive his visa in Helsinki for entrance to the Soviet Union was shorter than the average but not beyond the normal range for the granting of such visas. Had Oswald been recruited as a Russian agent while he was still in the Marines, it is most improbable that he would have been encouraged to defect. He would have been of greater value to Russian intelligence as a Marine radar operator than as a defector[23].
Some speculated that Oswald had established connections with Soviet agents before traveling to Russia in 1959, given the rapid processing of his visa application in Helsinki. However, exhaustive investigations found no indication of prior contact with Soviet agents. The visa approval time, although faster than usual, fell within standard processing periods. This suggests that Oswald’s process for acquiring the visa to enter the Soviet Union was not due to the help of agents from the Soviet Union, and research indicates that there was no contact whatsoever for Oswald to have a privilege in receiving his visa quickly.
There was a theory that Oswald might have been recruited by Soviet intelligence during his service in the Marine Corps, possibly influencing his defection in 1959. However, this seems unlikely, as a Marine radar operator would have been more valuable to Soviet intelligence in his active role than as a defector. There are no records or testimonies that support claims of Soviet ties prior to the defection. His trip to the Soviet Union appears to have been an individual decision, not orchestrated by foreign agents. The lack of concrete evidence rules out notions of recruitment for espionage. His defection was likely motivated by personal ideological inclinations, as we have already mentioned. Investigations confirm that his actions were independent, not directed by Soviet agents.
Speculation.–Oswald was trained by the Russians in a special school for assassins at Minsk. Commission finding.–Commission investigations revealed no evidence to support this claim or the existence of such a school in Minsk during the time Oswald was there. Oswald belonged to a hunting club near Minsk, but there is no evidence that this was other than an ordinary hunting club[24].
It can be concluded that the claims regarding the alleged specialized training of Oswald in Minsk by a Soviet military agency lack foundation. There is no credible evidence to support the existence of such a program during the period when Oswald lived in said Soviet state. Instead, records indicate that activities in the region, such as Oswald’s participation in local recreational groups like hunting clubs, were common and unrelated to any military training purpose. This finding underscores the importance of basing conclusions on verified facts rather than unconfirmed speculations.
Speculation.–Marina Oswald’s father was an important part of the Soviet intelligence apparatus. Commission finding.–Marina Oswald’s father died while she was still an infant. This reference is presumably to her uncle, Ilya Prusakov, who was an executive in the lumber industry, which position carried with it the rank of lieutenant colonel or colonel in the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD). Since 1953 the MVD has not been concerned with internal security or other police functions[25].
The Commission clarifies that there is no evidence of links between Marina’s family and Soviet intelligence agencies. In particular, it emphasizes that Marina’s father, Oswald’s wife, died when she was very young, making any contact between him and Oswald impossible. This fact, combined with the lack of evidence connecting Marina’s family to intelligence activities, reinforces the logical conclusion that Oswald did not establish any relationship with Soviet agencies through his wife. Thus, the report categorically dismisses these speculations, offering a clear and well-founded perspective on the specific case where it is speculated that Oswald maintained contact with Soviet intelligence through his wife’s family ties.
Speculation.–Oswald never would have been permitted to return to the United States if Soviet intelligence had not planned to use him in some way against the United States.
Commission finding.–There is no evidence that Oswald had any working relationship with the Soviet Government or Soviet intelligence. The Russians have permitted other American defectors to return to the United States[26].
One of the characteristics that the Commission highlights in a particular manner is that there is evidence that the Russians allowed United States citizens to return to their country. As I mentioned previously, Oswald had no dealings, work, or training with the military intelligence of the Soviet Union, whereby it is concluded that Oswald’s return was not linked nor was there any commitment with the Soviet Union.
Speculation.–While in Mexico, Oswald made a clandestine flight to Havana and back. Commission finding.–The Commission has found no evidence that Oswald made any flight to Cuba while he was in Mexico. He never received permission from the Cuban Government to enter Cuba nor from the Mexican Government to leave Mexico bound for Cuba. A confidential check of the Cuban airline in Mexico City indicates that Oswald never appeared at its office there[27].
One of the theories suggesting that Oswald traveled to Cuba clandestinely is denied by the Commission following the investigation process, since the Soviet visa that Oswald possessed during his trip to Mexico did not allow him to enter Cuba. Therefore, it is concluded that Oswald could not travel to Cuba nor did he have any contact with Fidel Castro, this being the purpose of Oswald’s trip to Cuba, as I mentioned earlier.
With this summary, we can effectively find responses to the propositions in the conspiracy theories implicating communism, as represented by the USSR and Cuba, in the assassination of J.F. Kennedy. However, beyond this, it is imperative to consider that Oswald’s ideal was to embrace the Marxist-communist ideology at all costs. It can be argued that Oswald’s act might have been a means of reflecting his commitment to this ideology and as a demonstration to the political leaders of Cuba and the USSR, showcasing his courage and dedication. Nevertheless, following this act, he was apprehended.
Conclusion.
In view of the reasonableness of the theories involving the CIA or communism, represented by the Soviet Union and Cuba, as possible coordinators or organizers of the assassination of the 35th President of the United States, John F. Kennedy, I issue my judgment. Considering the lack of clarity in the case, due to the scarcity of evidence or its possible elimination, which could implicate the CIA or communism, I maintain that this historical event was planned and executed solely by Lee Harvey Oswald, according to the official narrative of the events and the life of this individual, who, alongside President Kennedy, has passed into history due to an act that shocked the world in a context of extremely complex political circumstances. However, this event remains a mystery that history will eventually resolve or that time will continue to deepen.
The deep of night is crept upon our and nature must obey necessity; which we will niggard with a little rest.
There is no more to say? No more[28].
Bibliography.
U.S DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Report of the president’s commission on the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, U.S Government printing office, Washington D, C. 1964
C.I.A, History of the CIA, in https://www.cia.gov/legacy/cia-history/ (referenced on April 03, 2025)
OFFICE OF THE HISTORIAN, «The Cuban Missile Crisis, October 1962», in https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/cuban-missile-crisis (referenced on April 03, 2025)
- ANDRADE, Escuela de nada, ¿Se comprobó que la CIA mató a Kennedy?, April 26, 2024, in https://www.youtube.com/shorts/PwUn_FUV9T8 (referenced on April 03, 2025)
RUSSIAN TOWN DALAS, Russian-speaking community, in https://russiantowndallas.com/english/russian-speaking-community/ (Referenced on May 30, 2025)
- SHAKESPEARE, The works of Shakespeare, BLACK’S READERS SERVICE, Roslyn, New York 1944
[1] C.I.A, « History of the CIA», in https://www.cia.gov/legacy/cia-history/ (referenced on April 03, 2025)
[2] Ibid.
[3] Ibid.
[4] C.I.A, «About CIA» , in https://www.cia.gov/about/ (referenced on April 03, 2025)
[5] C. A NDRADE , Escuela de nada, « ¿Se comprobó que la CIA mató a Kennedy?» April 26, 2024, in https://www.youtube.com/shorts/PwUn_FUV9T8 (referenced on April 03, 2025)
[6] C.I.A, «About CIA» , (referenced on April 03, 2025)
[7] U.S D EPARTMENT OF J USTICE , Report of the president’s commission on the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, 48
[8] O FFICE OF THE H ISTORIAN , « The Cuban Missile Crisis», October 1962, in https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/cuban-missile-crisis (referenced on April 03, 2025)
[9] U.S DE PARTMENT OF J USTICE, Report of the president’s commission on the assassination of President John F. Kennedy , 22.
[10] Ibid, 660.
[11] Ibid, 254.
[12] Ibid, 254 .
[13] Ibid, 257.
[14] Ibid, 655.
[15] Ibid, 287.
[16] Ibid, 280.
[17] R USSIAN T OWN D ALAS , « Russian-speaking community», in https://russiantowndallas.com/english/russian-speaking-community/ (Referenced on May 30, 2025)
[18] U.S D EPARTMENT OF J USTICE , Report of the president’s commission on the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, 730.
[19] Ibid, 730.
[20] Ibid, 733.
[21] Ibid, 732 .
[22] Ibid, 656.
[23] Ibid, 656.
[24] Ibid, 657.
[25] Ibid, 657.
[26] Ibid, 657.
[27] Ibid, 659
[28] W. S HAKESPEARE , The works of Shakespeare, BLACK’S READERS SERVICE, Roslyn, New York 1944, 883 .
